Hurricane #2 (1941) was re-analyzed and shown to be a Category 3 hurricane at landfall. It peaked as a Category 3 with 125 mph winds with central pressure of 942 millibars. It was probably lower. It was also quite a large storm radius of maximum winds of 20 nautical miles or 23 miles. Just a week earlier, Tropical Storm #1 made landfall on the Upper Texas Coast. How often do you have two tropical cyclones hitting the same region within a week?
Code: Select all
1941 Storm 2
31550 09/16/1941 M=10 2 SNBR= 696 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=3
31550 09/17/1941 M=11 2 SNBR= 696 NOT NAMED XING=1 SSS=3
** **
The 16th is removed from HURDAT
31555 09/16* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0*257 836 35 0*255 845 35 0*
31560 09/17*252 854 35 0*250 863 35 0*247 871 40 0*246 880 45 0*
31560 09/17* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0*237 880 25 0*246 885 30 0*
*** *** ** *** ** *** *** ** *** **
31565 09/18*248 889 50 0*254 895 60 0*259 896 65 0*260 893 70 0*
31565 09/18*253 890 30 0*257 895 35 0*259 896 35 0*260 893 40 0*
*** *** ** *** ** ** **
31570 09/19*260 889 70 0*258 886 75 0*256 883 75 0*253 881 75 0*
31570 09/19*260 890 45 0*258 888 50 0*255 886 55 0*252 885 55 0*
*** ** *** ** *** *** ** *** *** **
31575 09/20*249 880 80 0*245 878 80 0*241 876 80 0*234 876 80 0*
31575 09/20*248 884 55 0*245 882 60 0*241 880 60 0*236 877 60 0*
*** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** *** **
31580 09/21*230 882 80 0*234 887 80 0*240 892 80 0*244 896 80 0*
31580 09/21*233 879 60 0*238 882 65 0*244 887 70 0*248 893 70 0*
*** *** ** *** *** ** *** *** ** *** *** **
31585 09/22*249 900 80 0*254 907 75 0*259 916 75 0*263 926 75 0*
31585 09/22*251 901 75 0*254 909 80 0*259 919 85 0*263 929 90 0*
*** *** ** *** ** *** ** *** **
31590 09/23*266 937 75 0*271 946 70 0*277 953 70 0*283 955 70 0*
31590 09/23*267 939 95 0*272 948 100 0*277 953 105 0*283 955 110 0*
*** *** ** *** *** *** *** ***
31595 09/24*290 955 60 977*298 954 55 0*316 947 45 0E343 927 35 0*
31595 09/24*290 956 85 0*298 956 65 0*315 949 40 0*335 932 35 0*
*** ** *** ** *** *** ** **** ***
31600 09/25E369 909 35 0E395 882 35 0E422 855 30 0E445 828 30 0*
31600 09/25*360 911 35 989E388 887 35 988E424 859 40 985E449 826 50 0*
**** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ** *** *** *** **
The 26th and 27th are new to HURDAT
31602 09/26E476 789 55 0E503 747 50 0E530 705 45 0E556 675 45 0*
31603 09/27E582 660 45 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0* 0 0 0 0*
31605 HRCTX3
31605 HRCTX3BTX2
****
U.S. Landfall: 9/23/1941 - 22Z - 28.8N, 95.6W - 100 kt - 958 mb - 1007 mb OCI
- 250 nm ROCI - 20 nm RMW
Minor track changes and major intensity changes are analyzed for this
hurricane that made landfall in Texas. A major alteration is made with
genesis, delayed for a day. A major change is also made to the timing of
dissipation, delayed for a day. Evidence for these alterations comes from
the Historical Weather Maps Series, the COADS ship database, Monthly Weather
Review, USWB/NHC microfilm of synoptic weather maps, Original Monthly Records
from NCDC, monthly climatological data summaries from NCDC, U.S. Weather
Bureau operational advisories, Dunn and Miller (1960), Ellis (1988), Schwerdt
et al. (1979), Ho et al. (1987), Jarrell et al. (1992) and Connor (1956).
September 16: HWM indicates a spot low near 24N, 86W. HURDAT lists this as a
Tropical storm with 35kt winds at 25.7N, 83.6W at 12Z. Ship highlights: No
gales or low pressures. Station highlights: No gales or low pressures.
September 17: HWM indicates a closed low with a pressure of at most 1010mb
near 25N, 86W. HURDAT lists this as a Tropical storm with 40kt winds at
24.7N, 87.1W at 12Z. Ship highlights: No gales or low pressures. Station
highlights: No gales or low pressures.
September 18: HWM indicates a Tropical Storm with a pressure of at most
1005mb near 24.9N, 89.5W. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with
65kt winds at 25.9N, 89.6W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at
25.5N, 89W (am) with a pressure of 1006mb. Ship highlights: No gales or low
pressures. Station highlights: No gales or low pressures. "This hurricane was
first noted as a disturbance of slight intensity about 180 miles south of
Port Eads, La., on September 18. For 48 hours the center drifted gradually
southward toward the Yucatan coast with winds increasing to gale force"
(MWR). "Date...Sept. 18-26. Place where first reported...About 180 miles south
of Port Eads, La" (MWR).
September 19: HWM indicates a Hurricane with a pressure of at most 1000mb
near 25N, 88.9N. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with 75kt winds
at 25.6N, 88.3W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 25N, 88W
(am) with a pressure of 1003mb. Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a closed low of at
mosr 999 mb centered near 25.5N, 89.0W. Ship highlights: 40kt SE with a
pressure of 1003mb at 25.5N, 88W at 1230Z (USWB); 40 kt SE with 1000 mb at
1830Z at 26.0N, 89.0W (USWB). Station highlights: No gales and low pressures.
September 20: HWM indicates a Hurricane with a pressure of at most 1000mb
near 24N, 88.3W. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with 80kt winds
at 24.1N, 87.6W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 24.5N,
88.5W (am) and at 23N, 88W (pm). Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a closed low of
at most 1002 mb centered near 23.9N, 88.4W. Ship highlights: 35kt ENE with a
pressure of 1002mb at 24.9N, 87.7W at 20Z with a max wind of 50 kt E (MWR).
Station highlights: No gales or low pressures. "During the night of September
20-21 the storm turned, and moving northward retraced its path until, on the
evening observation of the 21st, it was again near the regions where first
detected" (MWR).
September 21: HWM indicates a Hurricane with a pressure of at most 990mb near
24N, 89W. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with 80kt winds at 24N,
89.2W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 23N, 90W (am) and at
24N, 91W (pm). Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a closed low of at most 1002 mb
centered in the general vicinity of 23.8N, 88.9W. Ship highlights: 993 mb at
09Z at 24.2N, 88.4W and 70kt at or near 09Z at or near 24.2N, 88.4W (USWB);
45kt E with a pressure of 999mb at 25.3N, 87W at 1230Z (USWB). Station
highlights: No gales or low pressures. "Eastern Sun - (24.15-88.25) 4am -
passed through center of storm - force 12 (no directions given) - barometer
29.32 ([9]92[.]9mb)" (USWB).
September 22: HWM indicates a Hurricane with a pressure of at most 990mb near
25.5N, 92W. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with 75kt winds at
25.9N, 91.6W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 25N, 92W (am)
and at 26N, 94W (pm). Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a closed low of at most 993
mb centered near 26.1N, 91.9W. Ship highlights: 30 kt NW with 991 mb at 21Z
at 26.8N, 94.1W (MWR); 55kt W with a pressure of 999mb at 26.6N, 94.5W (no
time given) (USWB); 70 kt NE before 2359Z in the vicinity of 27.1N, 93.7W
(MWR). Station highlights: 22 kt NE with 1005 mb at 22Z at Corpus Christi NAS
(27.7N, 97.3W) (OMR); 37 kt NE around ~2330Z at Port Arthur (29.9N, 93.9W)
(OMR). "A ship near 27°06' N, 93°42' W, on September 22 reported a northeast
wind, force 12, and a low barometer reading of 985.8mb. On the coast, Texas
City reported the highest recorded wind velocity, 83 miles per hour.
Estimated winds up to 100 miles per hour came from several points nearer the
storm center" (MWR).
September 23: HWM indicates a Hurricane with a pressure of at most 985mb near
27.1N, 95.3W. HURDAT lists this as a Category 1 Hurricane with 70kt winds at
27.7N, 95.3W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 28N, 95.5W
(am) with a pressure of 985mb and at 29N, 95W (pm). Microfilm at 12Z
analyzes a closed low of at most 987 mb centered near 27.4N, 95.3W. Ship
highlights: 40 kt E with a pressure of 986mb at 27.1N, 93.7W at 00Z (MWR,
USWB); 20kt WSW with a pressure of 986mb at 26.7N, 94.6W at 01Z (USWB); 70kt
S with a pressure of 1000mb at 28.7N, 94W at 18Z (MWR). Station highlights:
42 kt SE around ~1930Z at Galveston (OMR); 52 kt at Port Aransas (27.8N,
97.1W) (Connor); 991 mb at Port Lavaca (28.6N, 96.6W) at 22Z (Connor); 977 mb
at Matagorda (28.7N, 96.0W) at 2225Z (USWB). "It then took a northwestward
course through the western Gulf of Mexico and moved inland on the Texas coast
near Matagorda at 3:25pm (CST) on September 23" (MWR). "Recurving to the
northeastward after crossing the Texas coast the storm center passed slightly
west of Houston. The lowest pressure registered along the path of the
hurricane, 970.5mb, was observed at Houston Airport at 11:08pm of the 23rd.
The passage of the low pressure was accompanied by winds estimated at 75
miles per hour; a recorded velocity becoming impossible because of power
failure" (MWR). "Tropical cyclones in Texas, Sept. 23, Matagorda, Minimal, 4
killed, damage $6,000,000" (minimal is equivalent to winds of 74-100 mph and
central pressure 983-996 mb - Dunn and Miller). "Sept. 23 - Hurricane made
landfall near Freeport with 90 mph winds, tide of 9.9', and barometer 28.31
[958.7 mb]. Extremely high tides were reported along the entire coast from
Matagorda to Galveston. Four lives were lost, and property damage was
estimated at $6.5 million" (Ellis). "Sept. 23 - 1011 mb environmental
pressure, 93 kt max sustained winds at landfall" (Schwerdt et al.). "Sept.
23 - 959 mb central pressure, 970 mb pressure at Houston, 21 nm RMW, 13 kt
[speed] at landfall, landfall 28.8N, 95.6W" (Ho et. al). "1941, Sep, TX 3N,
958 mb central pressure" (Jarrell et al.). "Sep. 23 - Center crossed coast
near Matagorda. Pressures: Houston 28.66" [971 mb], Galveston 29.26" [991
mb], AOE 29.25" [991 mb], ship at 27N 97.3W 29.11" [986 mb], Port Aransas
29.41" [996 mb], Corpus Christi 29.47" [998 mb], Port Lavaca 29.25" [991 mb].
Estimated lowest 28.30" [958 mb]. Winds: Houston 75 mph [65 kt], Texas City
83 mph [72 kt], ship 27N, 93.7W 75 mph [65 kt], NAS Corpus Christi NNW 58 mph
[50 kt], Port Aransas 60 mph [52 kt], PAH SE 73 mph [63 kt], Grand Isle E 35-
40 mph [30-35 kt]. Tides: Matagorda 10.8 ft, Galveston 7.0 ft, Sargent 9.9
ft, Port O'Connor 5.9 ft, Aransas Game Refuge 5.0 ft, Shell Island Reef 6.5
ft, Frenier 5.6 ft, Cameron 5 ft, Sabine 5.7 ft, Anahuac 7.0 ft, LaPorte 8.0
ft, Texas City 7.5 ft, Freeport 10.6 ft, Port La Vaca 6.4 ft, Ft. Point 5.6
ft" (Connor). "Maximum wind velocity reported...Force 12 NE., a ship, 83 miles
per hour, Texas City, Tex. Lowest barometer reported...970.5 mb, a ship.
Coast lines crossed...Texas. Place of dissipation...Southern Quebec Province.
Intensity...Full hurricane. Remarks...4 lives lost; $2,000,000 property damage;
crop losses estimated in excess of $5,000,000" (MWR).
September 24: HWM indicates a closed low with a pressure of at most 990mb
near 31.8N, 94.5W. HURDAT lists this as a Tropical storm with 45kt winds at
31.6N, 94.7W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at 32N, 94W (am)
with a pressure of 982.4mb and at 36N, 92W (pm). Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a
closed low of at most 990 mb centered near 31.6N, 95.0W. Ship highlights:
35kt SW with a pressure of 1001mb at 28.8n, 94W at 1230Z (USWB). Station
highlights: 988 mb (min p) at Galveston Airport and 991 mb (min p) at
Galveston WBO (29.3N, 94.8W) both at 04Z (OMR); 53 kt S (max w/1-min/35m) at
Galveston at 0420Z (OMR); 72kt at Texas City (29.4N, 94.9W) likely around
~04Z (MWR); 63 kt at Ellington Field (29.6N, 95.2W) (WB advisories); 52 kt E
(max w/5-min/58 m) at ~0430Z and 970 mb (min p) at 0508Z at Houston (29.8N,
95.4W) (MWR/OMR); 973 mb (min p) at 0510Z at Richmond (29.6N, 95.8W)
(Connor); 975 mb at 0530Z at Alvin (29.6N, 95.3W) (Connor); 63 kt SE (fastest
mile/41m) around ~0530Z and 996 mb (min p) at 0820Z at Port Arthur (OMR); 39
kt S ( 5-min/41m) at Port Arthur around ~1130Z (OMR); 35 kt SE (max w/5-
min/69m) around ~1530Z and 990 mb (min p) at 1615Z at Shreveport (32.5N,
93.8W) (OMR); 18 kt S with 992 mb at 1830Z at Shreveport; 991 mb (min p) at
Little Rock, AR (34.7N, 92.3W) likely around 22Z or 23Z (climo). "The
following excerpts from a report by G. P. Rusmisel, of the Galveston office,
relate to conditions at that station during the approach and passage of the
storm: By late afternoon of the 22nd the sky became completely overcast with
low clouds of bad weather which predominated throughout the remainder of the
storm. Tides became to rise on the 21st and more rapidly to a crest of 6.7
feet at 8pm and 10pm CST on the 22nd, then falling to 5 feet at 1 pm of the
23rd. Tides rose again thereafter to a crest of 7 feet at 9 and 10pm CST on
the 23rd, after which they subsided rapidly. The sea was rather light at about
10 swells per minute until the storm moved toward the Texas coast, after
which an increase set in becoming very heavy and reaching 5 swells per minute
at the height of the storm. Tidewater covered all of the Galveston Island
beaches, much of the island beyond the seawall, and entered the lower
residential and business sections as backwater from the bay. Tidewater also
covered the municipal airport to a depth of approximately 1 to 3 ft and was
about 6 inches deep on the floor of the airport administration building and
in the C. A. A. communications station room, putting that office out of
commission until after the water receded and power and telephone service was
restored the evening of the 25th" (MWR).
September 25: HWM indicates a closed low with a pressure of at most 990mb
centered just SW of Grand Rapids, MI near 43N, 86W with fronts running
through the low. HURDAT lists this as an Extratropical cyclone with 30kt
winds at 42.2N, 85.5W at 12Z. The MWR Tracks of lows showed a center at
42.5N, 86W (am) with a pressure of 987.3mb and a center at 48N 77W (pm).
Microfilm at 12Z analyzes a closed low of at most 987 mb near the HWM
position with fronts analyzed attached to the low. Ship highlights: No gales
or low pressures. Station highlights: 15 kt W with 993 mb at 0030Z at Little
Rock, AR (USWB); 36 kt SW (max w) at Evansville, IN likely around ~12Z (MWR);
986 mb (min p) at Grand Rapids, MI likely around ~13Z (MWR); 44 kt W (max w)
at Fort Wayne, IN likely around ~14Z (MWR); 15 kt NW with 986 mb at 1830Z at
Alpena, MI (USWB); 56 kt SW (max w) at Buffalo, NY likely around ~20Z [but 49
kt max w after converting to 10m 1-min] (MWR). "Progressive movement of the
storm increased rapidly as the center moved up the Mississippi Valley and
passed over the Canadian boundary in the Lake region. Available sources
estimate property damage at well over $2,000,000. The rice crop in the region
affected was ruined, and has been estimated as a loss of $4,000,000. About 25
to 30 percent of the cotton crop had been picked in this section. Half of
that remaining in the fields has been reported lost. It is noteworthy that,
so far as is known, only four lives were lost, either directly or indirectly,
as a result of this storm which traversed a low-lying region where without
warning thousands would have been left to the mercy of wind and tide" (MWR).
September 26: HWM analyzes a tropical storm of at most 985 mb centered near
53N, 63.5W with fronts running through the cyclone. HURDAT no longer lists a
system on this day. The MWR tracks of lows shows a position near 53N, 70.2W
(am) and a position near 58N 66W (pm). Station highlights: 30 kt W with 1004
mb at Buffalo, NY at 0030Z (USWB); 25 kt W with 1002 mb at Toronto, Canada at
0030Z (USWB); 15 kt SSE with 997 mb at Montreal, Canada at 0030Z (USWB); 15
kt S with 1000 mb at Caribou, ME at 0630Z (USWB); 30 kt SW with 996 mb at 12Z
at 48.4N, 68.6W (HWM); ~20 kt SE with 994 mb at 12Z at 53.7N, 57.1W (HWM).
September 27: HWM analyzes a closed low of at most 975 mb centered near 65N,
60.5W with an occluded front extending from near the low southeastward to a
triple point near 60N, 49W. HURDAT did not previously list a system on this
day. The MWR tracks of low shows a final position near 63N, 65W with a 988
mb pressure (am). Station highlights: 40 kt NW with 986 mb at 12Z at 61.4N,
64.9W (HWM).
A tropical wave or trough slowly began to form into a more concentrated area
of low pressure on 15-16 September near the western tip of Cuba moving slowly
north-northwestward. Good observational coverage on the 16th and early on the
17th indicates that a well-defined, closed circulation was not yet present.
HURDAT originally began the cyclone at 12Z on the 16th in the eastern Gulf of
Mexico. Observations from the microfilm map at 12Z on the 17th indicate a
possibility that the low might have been closed by then. Therefore, genesis
is now shown at 12Z on the 17th (24 hours later than originally) in the
central Gulf. Sufficient observational coverage provides evidence that the
intensity was only a tropical depression at 12Z the 17th and the 00Z the 18th
microfilm maps. Data on the 18th at 00Z suggests a central pressure of at
most 1008 mb which yields of wind speed of at least 30 and 28 kt,
respectively, according to the Brown et al. (2006) southern and north of 25N
pressure-wind relationships. A 30 kt intensity is selected for 00Z on the
18th (down from 50 kt originally - a major change). Although the first low
pressure was not observed until 00Z on the 19th with the first 35 kt gale
observed at 06Z the 19th, the cyclone is analyzed to have become a tropical
storm at 06Z on the 18th (36 hours later than originally - a major change)
because of the slightly sparser data coverage near the center of the 18th.
For the track, the cyclone meandered slowly from the 18th - 21st in the south-
central Gulf of Mexico making a small clockwise loop on the 18th and 19th. It
was at 26N, 89W on the 19th at 00Z, and then it moved south to 23.3N, 87.9W by
the 21st at 00Z. From that point, it moved west-northwestward toward the
Texas coast, where it made landfall late on the 23rd. The largest track
change for the entire existing portion of the track (17th-25th) is less than 1
degree. For the intensity in the Gulf of Mexico, major downward intensity
adjustments of 20 to 30 kt are analyzed at all times from 00Z on the 18th -
00Z on the 21st. On the 19th at 00Z, a 1005 mb peripheral pressure suggests
winds of greater than 37 and 34 kt for south and north of 25N, respectively;
45 kt is analyzed (down from 70 kt originally). At 12Z on the 19th, a 40 kt
wind was observed. Also at 12Z, a peripheral pressure of 1000 mb suggests
winds greater than 47 and 44 kt for south and north of 25N. This ship -
which also measured 35 kt E - was about 30 nm northwest of the cyclone. A
second ship that observed 40 kt SE with 1003 mb at the same time was about 40
nm east of the cyclone. These observations are not consistent with a 75 kt
hurricane as originally shown in HURDAT, but are consistent with around a 55
kt tropical storm. On the 21st, a 993 mb pressure was recorded around 09Z.
It is uncertain whether this was a central pressure measurement. The first
hurricane force wind from a ship also occurred on the 21st sometime around 09Z
(it is unclear whether the "force 12" report occurred at the same time as the
993 mb pressure). The cyclone is analyzed to have reached hurricane
intensity at 06Z on the 21st (66 hours later than originally - a major
change), based upon interpolation from the 55 kt at 12Z on the 19th and
subsequent landfall as a 100 kt major hurricane two days later. This is
consistent with the available (but ambiguous) observations on the 21st. On
the 23rd at 00Z, with the cyclone 22 hours away from making landfall in Texas,
a 986 mb peripheral pressure was recorded, suggesting winds of greater than
65 kt according to the north of 25N pressure-wind relationship.
The hurricane made landfall on the Texas coast between Matagorda Bay and
Freeport at 28.8N, 95.6W on 23 September at 22Z. The landfall point is also
the recurvature point of this hurricane (95.6W was the farthest west the
cyclone reached). The city of Matagorda (28.7N, 96.0W) recorded a pressure
of 977 mb at either 2125Z or 2225Z but there is no wind data available for
Matagorda so it is uncertain whether the RMW was experienced there. Ho et
al. lists a landfall RMW of 21 nm, and Matagorda was located about 25 nm west
of the analyzed center at closest approach. A run of the Schloemer equation
utilizing the assumption that Matagorda was located about 5 nm outside of the
RMW yields a central pressure of 953 mb, while assuming that Matagorda was
about 10 nm outside of the RMW (with an RMW of 15 nm) yields 939 mb. Seven
hours after landfall, Houston recorded a 970 mb pressure at 0508Z on the 24th.
Wind data from Houston indicates that the center passed about 20 nm west of
the station and that the 970 mb value was not a central pressure and likely
not inside the RMW, as no lull occurred at the time of the lowest pressure.
(This is not certain, however, as the wind record from Houston is provided in
hourly averages with peak 5 min winds to have occurred within the hour. A
lull that lasted less than an hour could have occurred but not recorded.)
Runs of the Schloemer equation indicate a central pressure at that time
(seven hours after landfall) of 948 mb assuming that Houston was at the RMW.
(The 948 mb calculation is independent of the RMW size when the RMW equals
the radius from the center of the pressure measurement in the equation). If
the central pressure was indeed that low several hours after landfall, the
landfall central pressure would have been significantly lower. Ho et al.'s
inland pressure decay model for the Gulf coast would suggest a value close to
900 mb at landfall and even a value of 935 mb by using the Florida decay
model (which fills slower and may be somewhat reasonable to use given that
the hurricane would have been paralleling Galveston Bay somewhat).
Therefore, somewhat conservatively, a 942 mb central pressure is chosen for
landfall. A 942 mb central pressure equals 113 kt according to the Brown et
al. north of 25N pressure-wind relationship and 118 kt for its intensifying
subset. Climatological RMW for this central pressure and landfall latitude
is 17 nm, so this system is close to average assuming an RMW of 20 nm. The
outer closed isobar of 1007 mb is substantially lower than usual with a
rather large radius of 250 nm, while the hurricane was moving at a near
average 12 kt. Thus a 110 kt intensity is selected for landfall (somewhat
below the pressure-wind relationship), maintaining this as a high end
Category 3 for north Texas. The highest observed winds were 78 kt at
Freeport and 72 kt at Texas City. Major upward intensity adjustments of 20-
40 kt are implemented from 00Z on the 23rd - 00Z on the 24th. A peak lifetime
intensity of 110 kt is analyzed at 18Z on the 23rd through the 22Z landfall
(original peak was 80 kt from 00Z/20th - 00Z/22nd). A run of the parametric
wind model suggests that 92 kt winds occurred on the coast at the border of
Central Texas and North Texas (28.6N, 96.0W), which is very near where the
left edge of the RMW passed. Therefore, a Category 2 impact is added to
HURDAT for Central Texas. Runs of the Kaplan and DeMaria inland decay model
yield 85, 63, 42 and 28 kt for 00, 06, 12 and 18Z on the 24th. Highest
observed winds within 2 hr of synoptic times are: 78 kt at 00Z, 72 kt at 06Z,
37 kt at 12Z and 32 kt at 18Z. Analyzed intensities are 85, 65, 40, and 35
kt (originally 60, 55, 45, and 35 kt). The center moved northeastward
through northwestern Louisiana and Arkansas between 12Z on the 24th - 00Z on
the 25th and it was accelerating. The cyclone is analyzed to have become
extratropical at 06Z on the 25th centered over southern Illinois. A 35 kt is
analyzed from 18Z on the 24th through 06Z on the 25th. This cyclone produced
tropical storm impacts in Louisiana and Arkansas. Tropical storm impacts are
not analyzed for Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, Missouri, or Illinois
because the strongest winds, located a short distance SSE of the center, were
not experienced in any of those states while the system was still tropical.
Maximum winds observed after converting to 10m 1-min were: 32 kt at
Shreveport, 30 kt at Little Rock, 29 kt at Memphis, and 25 kt at Cairo, IL.
After that, the cyclone reintensified as an extratropical system. Damaging
winds occurred across portions of the Upper Midwest and into western New
York. On the 25th, the following central pressure values are analyzed and
added to HURDAT: 989, 988 and 985 mb at 00, 06 and 12Z. A 986 mb pressure
was recorded at Grand Rapids, MI. After converting to 10m 1-min, the
following winds were recorded on the 25th: 40 kt at Detroit; 44 kt at Fort
Wayne, IN around 14Z; 42 kt at Dayton, OH; and 49 kt at Buffalo, NY around
20Z. The cyclone is analyzed to have reintensified to 50 kt by 18Z on the
25th when the center was over Lake Huron reaching a peak of 55 kt at 00Z on
the 26th. HURDAT originally showed dissipation after 18Z on the 25th.
Dissipation is delayed by 30 hours until after 00Z on the 27th - a major
change, as the analyses from HWM indicate that the system continued moving
northeastward. This assessment is also consistent with the MWR Tracks of
Lows analysis through 00Z on the 27th. The final point at 00Z on the 27th is
58.2N, 66.0W as a 45 kt extratropical cyclone as the cyclone was absorbed by
a larger extratropical system after that time.